The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.